Descrittore
Termine preferito
Austria 1932 (20 maggio) - 1938 (12 marzo) CercaDefinizione
Definition:
Engelbert Dollfuss, a Christian Socialist, becomes chancellor on May 20, 1932. He quickly moves the republic toward authoritarian rule. The resignation of all three presidents of the parliament, leads to the end of parliamentary democracy and the First Republic. The May 1934 constitution promulgates a dictatorial corporatist state. However, Dollfuss stops short of supporting Austria's Nazi Party, preferring the Italian model of fascism. All political parties, with the exception of the Fatherland Front (Vaterländische Front), are abolished. In April 1934, "Republic" is removed from the official name of the state. It now becomes the Federal State of Austria. During Dollfuss's administration, Nazi propaganda against him asserts that Jews control the Austrian leader. When Austrian Nazis kill Dollfuss during a coup attempt on July 25, 1934, Kurt von Schuschnigg, another non-Nazi right-winger, takes his place. After Hitler and Mussolini ally themselves in 1936, Schuschnigg negotiates a compromise with Germany. In this treaty, signed July 11, 1936, Germany promises to respect Austrian sovereignty in exchange for Austria's acknowledgment of itself as "a German state." Schuschnigg, angered by Nazi threats, announces that a plebiscite will be held March 13, 1938 to decide on Austrian independence. Hitler acts quickly, entering Austria with the German army on March 12, 1938. A Nazi government, headed by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, is established in Austria. (en-US)
Fonte
Friedlander, Saul. Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Persecution 1933-1939. New York: Harper Collins, 1998. p. 242