Descrittore
Termine preferito
Austria 1918 (11 novembre) - 1932 (19 maggio) CercaDefinizione
Definition:
Austria surrenders on November 3, 1918, but the monarchy does not end until November 11. For our purposes, we have set November 11 as the beginning date for the interwar period for many central and eastern European nations because this date represents the official end of hostilities between the Allied Powers and Germany. The Treaty of St. Germain (September 10, 1919) separates Austria and Hungary, redistributes most of the former Empire to Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia and Italy, and forbids union with Germany.
The First Austrian Republic existed from 1918 until 1932. On November 11, 1918, the Habsburg king, Charles steps down, but does not abdicate his throne. Otto Bauer becomes the Social Democratic party leader and Austria's foreign minister. On November 12, the provisional government declares Austria a republic and a "constituent part of the German Republic." A Communist Party is organized in Austria in November 1918. Without a clear program or a distinctive leader, it never dominates Austrian politics. Austria signs the Treaty of St. Germain, on September 10, 1919. The Allies dictate the terms of this treaty and, judging Austria a part of the now defunct Habsburg Empire, force Austria to accept a "war guilt" clause, pay war reparations, and limit its army. In addition, the Treaty of St. Germain separates Austria and Hungary, redistributes most of the former Empire to Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia and Italy, and forbids union with Germany.
Nazis make gains in the April 1932 elections, winning fifteen seats on the communal council in Vienna. (en-US)
Fonte
Jelavich, Barbara. Modern Austria: Empire and Republic,
1815-1986. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. pp. 151-191