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Budapest (Ungheria : ghetto) CercaDefinizione
Hungarian authorities commanded the establishment of a ghetto in the Hungarian capital on November 18, 1944. The ghetto was located in District VII of Budapest and included an area of 0.3 square kilometers (0.1 square miles). It was bounded by Dohány, Nagyatádi Szabó István, Király, Csányi, Rumbach Sebestyén streets, by Madách Imre road, and by Madách Imre and Károly Király squares. The non-Jewish population was moved out of the ghetto area and the Jews of Budapest were commanded to move in. By December 10, 1944, the ghetto was sealed by a high wooden fence. Before November 1944 the ghetto area had housed about 33,000 Jews; by January 1945 there were approximately 70,000 inhabitants in the same area. Just outside the ghetto, at Kerepesi út 7, the Arrow Cross set up a round-up area within the Tattersall racetrack (Budapest Lóvásártér or Budapest Ügetõpálya), from where rounded-up Jews were taken into the ghetto or murdered on the spot. The head of the Budapest Jewish council was Lajos Stöckler, and the head of the Jewish ghetto police was Miksa Domonkos. Order inside and outside the ghetto was enforced by one hundred regular policemen augmented by fifteen uniformed Arrow Cross (Nyilas) men. During the relatively short existence of the ghetto, a number of incursions were made into the ghetto by uniformed German military, Arrow Cross, and Hungarian soldiers, ostensibly to search for hidden valuables. Atrocities were committed during these incursions. Food rations, when available, amounted to 690-790 calories per person per day. Inadequate hygiene, lack of space for burials, and overcrowding were constant problems in the ghetto. The Budapest ghetto was liberated by the Soviet army on January 17 and 18, 1945. (en-US)
Fonte
Komoróczy, Géza, ed. Jewish Budapest: Monuments, Rites, History. Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999. p. 389