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Ungheria 1945 (4 aprile) - 1956 (4 novembre) CercaDefinizione
Definition:
Hungary is liberated April 4, 1945. After liberation, the Hungarian government moves from Debreceu to Budapest and establishes a Provisional National Assembly, which remains in power until November 15, 1945. A free election determines the makeup the National Assembly. On February 1, 1946, the National Assembly proclaims the Hungarian Republic. Coalitions led by Zoltan Tildy and Ferenc Nagy govern Hungary until May 1947.
Although anti-Jewish legislation passed during World War II is rescinded after liberation, antisemitism continues to play a part in Hungarian society. Pogroms in May and July 1946 terrorize Jews in the provinces. In postwar Hungary, Zionism grows strong and Jewish organizations reorganize.
The Hungarian Communist Party reasserts control by arresting the opposition and working against the other parties. The Communist-controlled secret police commits atrocities against thousands of citizens. Between June 12 and 14, 1948 the Hungarian Workers' Party (HWP), a merger of the Hungarian Communist Party and the Social Democratic Party, takes control of Hungary and works to nationalize the country. Once in power, the HWP ratifies a Soviet-style constitution and changes the country's name to the Hungarian People's Republic. The regime dissolves the Zionist organization in March 1949 and imprisons its leaders. It also restricts contact between the Hungarian Jewish community and Jews around the world. In addition, the communists banish many Jewish opposition leaders from the cities to the provinces by 1951. The three Jewish religious movements are united into a single community organization.
After Joseph Stalin's March 5, 1953 death, the new Soviet leadership permits a more flexible policy, the "New Course." Under this new policy, many expelled Jews are allowed to return home, political prisoners are freed, and purges are ended. During these years, factionalism divides the Communist party. An anti-Soviet uprising begins October 23, 1956. Soviet troops enter Budapest October 24, but instead of subduing the crowds, they further antagonize the rioters. The crowds empty the prisons, destroy the police stations, and hang some members of the secret police. The reinstatement of a popular politician, Imre Nagy, does not calm the crowds. Although Nagy institutes a democratic, multiparty system, he is unable to quell the revolt. Soviet troops finally suppress the revolution on November 4, 1956, and form a new government. (en-US)
Fonte
Central Intelligence Agency. "The World Factbook 2000: Hungary." The CIA World Factbook. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/hu.html. (23 Jan. 2001).