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(PIQ) Romania CercaDefinizione
Location: Southeastern Europe, bordered in 1939 by the Black Sea, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and the USSR.
Capital city: Bucharest
History:
Romania was united in 1861 and internationally recognized in 1878. When World War I began Romania sided with the Allies, but was soon occupied by the Central Powers. At war's end, Romania gained territory in Transylvania, Bukovina, and Bessarabia. Ion Antonescu ruled Romania as a military dictator during World War II. Romania allied itself with Nazi Germany in 1941 and a German-Romanian army formed to invade the Soviet Union in June 1941. In 1944, the Soviet Union occupied Romania. Antonescu was overthrown August 23, 1944 and the new government joined forces with the Allies. The Jewish population was about 440,000 by 1940. It is estimated that over 210,000 Romanian Jews were killed in the Holocaust. Soviet troops remained in Romania after the close of World War II. Romanian communists assumed control of the country in March 1948. Free elections in 1990 ended the communist era in Romania. (en-US)
Fonte
Zach, Krista. "Rumänien." In Dimension des Völkermords: Die Zahl der jüdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus. Edited by Wolfgang Benz. Pp. 381-409. München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1991. pp. 404, 409