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Ucraina 1991 (26 dicembre) - 2000 (1 gennaio) CercaDefinizione
Definition:
Before 1991, Poland-Lithuania, Russia, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics all successively dominate the Ukraine. While the USSR dissolves in 1990-1991, the Ukraine's legislature claims sovereignty (July 16, 1990) and then independence (August 24, 1991). The Ukraine proclaims full independence December 1, 1991 with a popular referendum and the end of the Soviet Union, but it does not become independent until December 26, 1991 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. As an independent nation, the Ukraine temporarily bans the Communist Party which is soon reestablished and becomes the largest fraction on the parliament. The independent Ukraine replaces some compromised government officials and creates Ukrainian armed forces. The former Communist party functioner, Leonid Kravchuk becomes the Ukraine's first president.
December 8, 1991 Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus announce the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), a loose association of former Soviet republics. Those who join affirm their separate independence, respect for territorial integrity, and inviolability of borders. In addition, they identify areas of joint cooperation, such as the control of nuclear weapons. Differences between the nations emerge during this period.
The Ukraine's domestic agenda focuses on economic reforms. However, the bureaucracy, lack of managerial experience, and financial uncertainties slow the progress of these reforms. The Ukraine overcomes these difficulties and moves toward political stability, democracy, and ethnic peace.
Approximately 325,000 Jews live in the Ukraine in late 1991. Most live in Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa, Lvov, and Dnepropetrovsk. A majority of the Jewish population votes for Ukrainian independence in December 1991. Although President Kravchuk works to ameliorate relations between Ukrainians and Jews, antisemitism does not completely disappear. The Organizations of the Ukrainian Idealists, the State Independence of the Ukraine Party, and the Ukrainian National Assembly's Ukrainian National Self-Defence" (UNA-UNSO) are the most notable right-wing nationalist antisemitic groups.
Despite opposition from antisemitic groups, the Jewish community produces Jewish periodicals. The Jewish community also bands together through Jewish organizations. The Ukrainian Jewish Congress is established in October 1991. The major Jewish organizations in the Ukraine exist under two main umbrella organizations-the Association of Jewish Public Organizations in the Ukraine (AJPOV) and the Jewish Council of the Ukraine (JCU). (en-US)
Fonte
Beizer, Michael and Daniel Romanowski. "Jewish History of Ukraine." Heritage Films, The Eastern European Connection. 1999. http://www.heritagefilms.com/UKRAINE.html. (April 3, 2000).